Sizing /Important of sizing/Definitions/Function of their ingredient

Object of sizing
1 To improve abrasion resistance of yarn
  2 .To reduce the hariness of yarn
3.To improve the wevability of warp
4.To improve the breaking strength of yarn
5.To reduce the generation of static charge for polyester blend yarn

What sizing should not do ?
1.It not should  elongation and  break of yarn
2. There should not increasing in  missing and cross end

Chartertisct of size yarn 

1. Increase in the strength 10 to 20% of yarn
2.lower elongation
3.Higher bending rigidity
4.Higher abrasion resistance
5.Lower hariness
6.Lower frictional resistance

Why sizing department is important?
     Sizing is most important process it can make or it can mar the weaving performance .one high speed sizing machine can control the working of 100 to 200 looms depending on count of yarn ,size addon , fabric construction ,speed of sizing machine .
          One size size in beam  last about two weeks to 1  month on the loom. Thus  it is important that sizing should be done properly as norms otherwise there is an no  option to do work with faulty beam produce the fabric with higher end packages in the weaving

Why sizing process is important?
   Main object of sizing is to prepare the warp  with stand  stress and stresses during weaving and various type of fibres blends ,yarn  compare sizing is ingredients   of application are available it need to the optimise the sizing process

What are the different stress on warp yarn ?
        The warp  needs a protection till it's woven into the fabric, because it has to pass through various stress wevability of warp yarn .It judge by warp end on  breakages  following are the stress on warp :

    1. Stretching of warp yarn due to  take up and let up.
    2. Dianomic stress due to Shedding obout 200-300 time minutes.
   4. Chaffing or abrasive force acting on warp sheet  lyeing on during the passage of shuttle.
   4. Rubbing action of ,heald eyes, drop wire ,Reed dent , friction between Heald , during passes of beam to fall of cloth .
   5. Movemently  impact force acting of warp sheet during the feel of cloth.

    To protect the warp yarn all about the abrasion process sizing is done.     size consists of adhesive inbruent   in the form of paste which  penetrate into the yarn and bind  the fibre , also coat the surface of yarn by thin film. So the yarn  don't break due to increasing strength, increase in abrasion resistance .If the elasticity yarn is maintain.
  
How much starch? OR How much size is required?
    It is important to maintain the flexibility and elasticity of yarn and therefore one should not aim all  the fibre in a cross section, but the aim should be bind the few periphery fibre to coat the yarn  with the thin  size film reduce is hariness.
 
Different fibre have different size
      Different fibre need different size in it  percentage,because of their different characteristics .
Example-
1. Continuous Silk filament have a good elastic behaviour with higher strength therefore it need a protection against abrasion either than tensile forces 
2. Wool fibre have higher extensibility but low tenasity.
3. Jute have high tensile strength but low bending yarn if a fibre  fibre are not properly selected will cause  pilling  due to the frictional forces

Definition-

1.Size paste concentration= (oven dry  wt of size material/ wt of size paste)*100

2.Size addon(%)=(oven dry wt of size material/Oven  dry mass of unsized yarn )*100

3.Weight pick up (%)=(Mass of size paste /Oven dry mass of unsized yarn )

Kind and function of sizing ingredients
  The main object of sizing is to impart the wevability of yarn by coating the surface of yarn , slightly improved it tensile strength,by retaining it fexibility .
     To achieve this size mixture is prepared by sizing ingredients

The list of sizing ingredients and their functions is as follows:

1.Adhesive - The different type of starches are used as adhesive
Example- maize starch ,wheat starch , tippoica starch , potato starch ,sago starch,rise starch ,thin boiling starch
     A part this carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and synthetic adhesive like, polyvinyl alcohol, acrylic polymer,vinyal polymer are used in sizing

Function of adhesive
    The twin objective of wavabilty can be achieved (increasing wavabilty with retaining elasticity) is achieved by binding the different fibre together by adhesive
   The adhesive should be in form of viscose paste which has
   1.Penetrated inside the yarn surface to bind few fibre
2.make a smooth film in yarn surface there increasing abrasion resistance .

2.Softner-
   Softner and lubricant are  most important ingredient in size mixture .the oil,fats ,wax,are the substance which are added to the size paste as softner
 
Function of softner -
     Size film produced by size paste lakes fexibility and which will fall of during dyanamic forces on the loom . this pilling of the size film exposed the yarn Surface which will give more breakages in the loom shade ,to avoid ,this softner like oils and fats are added into the size paste it make the size film flexibility and smooth .to flexible of warp yarn and warp sheet .
   In adhesive same of starch are use then the surface of yarn will be rough .this   give smooth surface of yarn  to use the softner.then warp yarn is flexible .

3.Antiseptic agent -
    The antiseptic agent use in size zncl2(Zinc chloride), copper sulphate,zinc sulphide, sodium silica and, sodium sulphide,and  organic compounds salacic acid is used

  function of antiseptic agent   -
  The main function of antiseptic agent is to prevent the growth of microorganisms . As size is food item and also cotton is cellulosic one.In the warm and humid atomsphere microorganisms attack to warp sheet it will produce bad smell , colour strian on the warp .In the seviour condition yarn become tender and lose it strength .The function of antiseptic is to prevent growth of microorganisms on the warp sheet.

4.Weighting agent -
      Earlier the cloth was sold on weight basis .the cheif white powder like Chinna clay , french chalk, gpysm powder etc. Arre added

Function of weighting agent-
    To increase the weight of warp yarn

 5.Blueing and brighting -   
The unbleached cotton cloth is yellowish in colour in to make it white or grey substance  like altramarine blue or Blue soluble dye like Tinapal ,ranipal are used.

Function of blueing and brighting agent -
   To make warp sheet appears more bright and to reduce the yellowish colour of cotton.

6.Deliquesent agent - 
   The deliquesent like Mgcl2, Glycerol are added to size mixture

Function of deliquesent agent -
     To attract the moisture from atmosphere to reduce the dryness of  warp.the dry warp sheet is less flexible more brittle and give more warp breakages. It is added to reduce the harmful effect of oven dry

7.Antisatic agent-
   When the warp sheet is a rough  in the dry atmosphere static electricity is generated .It is more evident in man made fibre. that oil, caustic soda, soap, glycrol are added as a antisatic agent

Wetting agent- 
  In the sizing of water repairing fibre wetting agent are  added into the size paste so that size paste will adhere to the yarn .